April 29 Tip: Find Out How “Liberation Theology” is Shifting the Focus of Religion

Find Out How “Liberation Theology” is Shifting the Focus of Religion

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

Liberation Theology is a spiritual movement that is shifting the focus of religious work from the hereafter to the “here and now.” It is a political/spiritual movement that began in the Catholic Church in Latin America in the 1950s and 1960s. It now plays an important role in a variety of religious endeavors related to human rights.

Although Liberation Theology began within Roman Catholicism, it quickly spread to Protestant denominations, and was adopted by activists in other parts of the world and in other religions, notably in Northern Ireland and the Palestinian Territories of the Holy Land.

The term Liberation Theology was coined by the Peruvian Catholic priest Gustavo Gutierrez, a leading figure in the movement who also wrote one of its most influential books: A Theology of Liberation.

According to Theopedia, Liberation Theology is a school of thought that explores the relationship between Christian teaching and political activism, especially in relation to such problems as poverty, social injustice, and human rights abuse. The birth of this movement marked a radical departure from religious practice that focused more on individual piety and the need to make sure that souls were going to heaven rather than hell.

Liberation Theology began in South and Central America in the context of grinding poverty and oppression that appeared to be fostered by a combination of business, military, and governmental structures. These structures had arisen after centuries of colonialism that enabled the rise of small but extremely powerful upper and upper-middle class societies in many nations in the Americas.

The key Liberation thinkers believed that the Church was either ignoring or, in fact, supporting structures and activities that were devastatin to the most vulnerable in Latin society.

Liberation Theologians suggested that the Church respond to this situation by adopting what Gutierrez termed, “a preferential option for the poor.” They saw this as a return to the original focus of the Church.

In practice, adopting the preferential option meant that priests and other church officials should live simple lifestyles and work to feed the hungry, take political action to ensure human rights, and speak out from the pulpit to oppose actions by governments which were turning a blind eye to the needs of the helpless and hopeless.

As grassroots organizations empowered under the banner of Liberation Theology began to grow and spread, there was violent pushback from governments and their militaries. Thousands of activists (including a number of priests) were disappeared, tortured and murdered. One of the most sensational crimes perpetrated during the pushback occurred in El Salvador in March of 1980 when Archbishop Oscar Romero was murdered at the altar while he was celebrating Mass.  Romero had begun his Church leadership as a theological conservative but underwent a conversion to Liberation Theology after witnessing murderous violence directed at his parishioners and the priests who served them.

Today, the roots of Liberation Theology can be observed at work in religion-based social justice movements in places as far away as Burma, Tibet and the Mediterranean area.

For more information about Liberation Theology visit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_theology

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Find Out Why a “Fatwa” is Sometimes a Good Thing

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

Hearing the word, “Fatwa” (pronounced fah-twah) can strike fear into the hearts of non-Muslims. That may be because of a famous event that happened in the 1980s. At that time the writer Salman Rushdie published a novel called The Satanic Verses that some Muslims felt was blasphemous. As a result, the Ayatollah Khomeni issued a Fatwa calling for Rushdie to be killed. There were several attempts on Rushdie’s life, and he had to go underground for a number of years.

That is one manifestation of the idea of Fatwa, but there are other, more common understandings of what a Fatwa means. In much of the Islamic world today, a Fatwa is understood to be a non-binding religious/judicial opinion issued by a recognized spiritual authority such as a “Mufti” (pronounced moof-tee). Usually, fatwas have to do with family matters or cutting-edge social issues rather than sensational situations like the publication of The Satanic Verses.

An example might be two siblings who are arguing over the estate of their deceased parents. In parts of the Islamic world they would seek the advice of a Mufti who would offer his opinion on how to resolve the situation based on what is found in the Holy Qu’ran (pronounced cur-ann) or Hadith (pronounced hah-deeth) which are the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad.

In Egypt, for example there is a highly structured, elaborate system for seeking and receiving fatwas. Muslims can seek a fatwa in person from a Mufti, but they can also seek an opinion using high technology. In 2008 I visited the enormous office in Cairo of the Grand Mufti of Egypt, named Ali Gomaa. In his multi-storey, state-of-the-art facility in Cairo, I learned firsthand that Muslims can seek and receive a fatwa via a phone “hotline,” a fax machine, or even email. 

These days, I imagine you can also get a fatwa using Facebook and other social media.

While on my visit to Egypt, I joined other members of my American interfaith delegation in a meeting with Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa. We sat with him in his enormous modern office for an interfaith dialogue that was covered by Egyptian newspapers and several radio and TV networks from that country. He expressed strong support for interfaith peacemaking and I later learned that his words of moderate Islamic practice are listened to not only by Egyptians, but also by Muslims throughout the Mediterranean world. I began to follow his published fatwas online. One in particular got my attention.

Several years ago a Muslim wrote to him seeking a fatwa on whether or not it is ok to convert to another religion. To paraphrase his response, he said “While I wouldn’t recommend conversion, I can find nothing in the Qur’an or Hadith that prohibits it.”

To understand the significance of this, think of someone writing to the Pope and asking if it is ok for a Catholic to become a Jew or a Muslim. If the Pope said it was ok, there would be headlines throughout the world.

To learn more about fatwas, visit:

http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/44-what-is-a-fatwa.html

April 8 Insight: Find Out What Makes God Laugh

Click Here to Watch a Short Video:

https://vimeo.com/91366272

Find Out What Makes God Laugh

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

Spiritual folks sometimes take their religion a bit too seriously. A touch of humor can often help us relax and have a more enjoyable spiritual experience. There are many sources of religious humor. These include movies, books, and the jokes we tell each other.

Funny religious movies to explore include Monty Python's "Life of Bryan," the film, "Oh, God" featuring George Burns and John Denver, and the brand new movie, "Noah." (Just joking about "Noah"; it's pretty grim).

Among my favorite humorous books about religion are The Church of 80% Sincerity, by my friend, David Roach; and, Driving Your Own Karma, by Swami Beyondananda, aka Steve Bhaeman. By the way, "ananda" means "bliss."

David created The Church of 80% Sincerity to counter the hypocrisy he encountered in the religion he grew up in. Swami Steve created his character to echo and poke playful fun at spiritual gurus like Ram Dass and Pema Chodron.

In the 80% Church you only have to be 100% sincere 80% of the time, or 80% sincere 100% of the time. Either way, you have 20% of your life left to just be "you"! And how about this wise and funny observation from Driving Your Own Karma: "The bad news: There is no key to the universe. The good news: It was never locked."

And what about religious jokes? The best make us chuckle while also making us think. Also, good manners suggest we make jokes about our own religion rather than at the expense of someone else's.

A few jokes are so subtle they need explanation. Case in point, a Quaker joke. Quakers don't have a worship service like Protestants; they have a "meeting for worship." But Quakers are very service oriented. And when Quakers worship they simply sit in silence for an hour listening to God. So, here's the joke: a church member goes to Quaker meeting for worship expecting prayer, preaching, and singing. Nothing happens, nothing happens, nothing happens. After a while the church member turns to a Quaker and asks, "When does the service begin?" The Quaker responds, "As soon as the Meeting is over." You may have to think about that for a second before you get the joke.

Occasionally a spiritual joke pokes fun at a key concept in a religion: A woman walks into a pizza parlor and orders a Buddhist pizza. The clerk looks at her in puzzlement and asks, "How do I make a Buddhist pizza?" She replies, "Make me one with everything."

Sometimes our jokes can be funny and painful at the same time. Case in point, this philosophical joke: A minister, a rabbi, and an imam are gathered in the Middle East. They pray to God, "O Holy One, will peace EVER come to the Holy Land?" A voice from Heaven replies, "Yes, my children, peace will come to the Holy Land...but not in my lifetime!" [Chuckle followed a moment later by a groan]

So what makes God laugh? I've heard that if you want to hear gales of laughter coming from Heaven...just tell God your plans!

And tune in WNDA, 1570 AM, at 8:25 each Monday morning to hear Kristen Riddick

and Terry Taylor discuss the Weekly Insight on 

"Real Life in Louisville"

April 1 Tip: Find out what “Wabi-Sabi” has to do with Spirituality

Find out what “Wabi-Sabi” has to do with Spirituality

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

No, Wabi-Sabi (pronounced Wah-bee Sah-bee) isn’t that hot mustard you get in Asian restaurants. It’s a concept in Japanese spirituality that can help us bring together creativity and spirituality in a way that can also have an impact on the way we live our day-to-day lives.

In a word, Wabi-Sabi (let’s call it WS for short) finds beauty in imperfection. It emerges out of the practice of Zen Buddhism, and focuses on the counter-intuitive idea of finding loveliness in things we often overlook because of their flaws. In Wabi-Sabi, beauty is imperfect, impermanent, and often incomplete. Put another way, WS expresses the three-part idea that nothing lasts, nothing is finished, and nothing is perfect—and that’s wonderful!  The concept may be startling in a culture where our highest ideal is absolute, shining perfection.

Visual examples of Wabi-Sabi, include ceramic cups that are rustic and slightly misshapen (but in an elegant way), and those famous Zen gardens that feature, jagged rocks that seem to float (two or three at a time) in what appears to be a small sea of carefully raked sand.

In verbal expression, a good example might be this wonderful haiku poem by Basho:

Fallen petals rise

Back to the branch

Ah, butterflies!

Something that is more noticeable in the poem than in the cup or the garden is the notion that an object or poem expresses Wabi-Sabi if it evokes in the bolder “a sense of serene melancholy and spiritual longing.” When we see flower petals on the ground, how can we keep from hoping against hope that they’ll return to the branch?

Wabi-Sabi clearly embraces not only Nature, but the naturalness of the found object…just as it is. Other characteristics of WS include simplicity, roughness, irregularity, austerity, and most of all, modesty. But what does all of this have to do with spirituality, and more particularly, how we live our lives?

Some answers to that question can be found in a small but compelling book called, Wabi-Sabi for Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers. In the chapter called “Wabi-Sabi and Spiritual Values, “ author Leonard Koren invites us to consider what he terms the lessons of the universe. Here are a few of his observations: Truth comes from the observation of nature; greatness exists in inconspicuous and overlooked details; beauty can be coaxed out of ugliness.

And here’s some Wabi-Sabi to live by: Give up your obsessions with neatness, consistency, and punctuality. Don’t throw away things that are chipped or marred if they are still useful. On the other hand, give away things that add unnecessary clutter to the space you live or work in. Stop beating up on yourself: the next time you do something wrong, remember that the original Hebrew word for sin is simply an archery term that means “missing the mark.” Don’t add sauces or spices to everything you eat; savor the natural flavors of foods. And finally, focus on the intrinsic value of people and things rather than engaging them for their “status” value.

For more information about Wabi-Sabi visit:

http://nobleharbor.com/tea/chado/WhatIsWabi-Sabi.htm

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March 25 Tip: Do you know why Mormon's are called "Latter Day Saints?

Do you know why Mormon's are called "Latter Day Saints?

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

Before we answer that question, let's take a look at who the Mormons are. First, the term "Mormons" is actually a religious nickname for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). Mormons are members of one of the world's newest religions, a church that was born in the 1820's in western New York State under the leadership of a man named Joseph Smith, Jr.

And even though Mormonism is called a church, there is great disagreement about whether it is part of mainstream Christianity, or a separate religion. According to the official LDS web site, the Mormons are the only true Christian Church.  But because of some of their beliefs and practices, a number of Christian denominations see Mormons as a separate religion and outside the fold of Christianity.

Mormons, of course, share in the idea that Jesus of Nazareth was the Savior of the world. However, they have a somewhat different view of the Trinity. They see Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as separate beings rather than the 3 in 1 view of many Christians.

But it is their selection of sacred texts and a few of their spiritual practices that make them distinctive and perhaps separate.

In addition to the Bible, Mormons reconize a second major scripture. According to LDS documents, an angel directed Joseph Smith to a place where gold plates containing a new scripture (written in an ancient language) were buried. The plates contained teachings of ancient Prophets who lived in the Americas. Angels helped Smith translate these sacred words into English. This sacred text came to be called The Book of Mormon, and is considered by the LDS to be a Third Testament along with the Old and New Testaments. The Mormons have at least two other documents they see as sacred. These comprise the Doctrine and Covenants as well as a work entitled the Pearl of Great Price.

Among beliefs unique to Mormonism is the concept that Native Americans were aware of Jesus long before he was born in Palestine 2000 years ago. They also believe that after the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, He appeared to people in North America and taught them important lessons. Joseph Smith also taught that shortly after the death of Jesus the Church went in a wrong direction and that, as a result, he had been instructed by God to re-establish the true Christian Church.

One of the more controversial of Mormon practices is that of baptizing deceased individuals by proxy. For example, if your late grandfather was not a Mormon, you can still ensure his eternal salvation by having a living person baptized who stands in for your grandfather in the ritual.

So, why are Mormons called "Latter Day Saints"? According to the Mormon.org web site, "As for the term Latter-day Saints, members of the Christian Church anciently were called Saints (see Acts 9:32, Ephesians 2:19, Phillipians 1:1). They were former-day Saints. We are the Latter-day Saints. It is that simple."

For more information about Mormons, visit:

http://www.mormon.org/

And tune in WNDA, 1570 AM, at 8:25 each Monday morning to hear Kristen Riddick

and Terry Taylor discuss the Weekly Insight on 

"Real Life in Louisville"

March 11 Insight: In What Way is THE WAY “The Way”?

In What Way is THE WAY “The Way”?

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

That’s actually hard to say…because THE WAY (The Tao in Chinese) is supposed to be impossible to explain. But with American chutzpah, let’s give it a try.

The Tao (pronounced “Dow”) literally means, “the way.” It represents the source and the driving force behind all of reality. According to this way of seeing things, there is supposed to be a certain natural flow to the events of the universe.

According to an article posted by the British Broadcasting Company, “The Tao is the ultimate creative principle in the universe. All things are connected and unified in the Tao.” The followers of Taoism, an ancient Asian religion associated with the Tao, see their task as finding ways to live in harmony with the natural flow of things.

At some level, even though Taoism can be seen as a religion, it is also practiced as a philosophy of living by millions of people in Asia and other parts of the world.

Taoism arose in what is now China more than two millennia ago. It’s basic, sometimes paradoxical, precepts are associated with two great sages: Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. A key book of collected Taoist wisdom is the internationally popular book, The Tao Te Ching (pronounced Dow Tay Jing).

Here is an example of Taoist wisdom from Lao Tzu:

“Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don’t resist them—that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like.”

And from Chuang Tzu: “Do not make plans. Do not be absorbed in activities. Do not think that you know. Be aware of all that is and dwell in the infinite. Wander where there is no path. Be all that heaven gave you, but act as though you received nothing. Be empty, that is all.”

Taoism is a philosophy of mutually engaging complimentary opposites: dark and light, action and inaction, hot and cold, male and female, black and white. This concept is often visually represented by the symbol of the yin and yang. The symbol is a circle equally divided into two swirling teardrops of black and white. The white teardrop contains a drop of the black, and the black a drop of the white. The teardrops seem to be trying to overwhelm each other. Yet, the understanding is that at the very moment the dark vanquishes the light, it gives birth to it! In the same way the light can give birth to the dark.

Religious Taoism has gods but no creator God as in Western religions. Religious Taoists see their gods as subject to the laws of the Tao, but do not see the Tao as a God to be worshiped.

According to the BBC, Taoism promotes harmony and union with nature; the pursuit of spiritual immortality; being virtuous (in an inconspicuous way); and working on self development.

Among the practices followed by Taoists these days are meditation and such spiritual movement techniques as Tai Chi (pronounced Tie-chee) and Qigong (pronounce Chee-kung).

For more information about Taoism visit:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/ataglance/glance.shtml

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What Do Mardi Gras, Shrove Tuesday and Pancakes Have in Common?

What Do Mardi Gras, Shrove Tuesday and Pancakes Have in Common?

(The 3-Minute Weekly Insight from Spirituality U.)

All of these are ways of preparing for Lent, the extended period of fasting practiced by Churches that comprise the majority of the world’s two billion Christians.

The word Lent comes from a Latin term that refers to Spring. These days, Lent is a nearly six-week-long period beginning on Ash Wednesday and ending at Easter. For Christians, Lent is a special time of prayer, penance, sacrifice and good works. A key spiritual practice for Christians observing Lent is fasting.

The idea of fasting in preparation for Easter dates from the earliest days of Christianity, but began to have a specific form during the 4^th Century, CE. Originally, Christians may have simply abstained from eating meat during the Lenten fast. Later, they were asked to give up meat, butter, cheese, eggs and even chicken. Fish was the primary protein food allowed. Christians were required to fast for 40 days in the period from Ash Wednesday to Easter. If you do the math, you realize that there are more than 40 days during this period; Christians get Sundays off from the fast!

Why 40? The Biblical roots are deep, mirroring Moses’ 40 days on the mountaintop and Jesus’ 40 days and nights of fasting in the desert.

These days, the fast is more elective than required and those observing the fast may simply give up a favorite food such as chocolate. Others may take on special tasks of justice and mercy such as giving money to the poor or working at a soup kitchen.

In late medieval times, Mardi Gras (French for “Fat Tuesday”), was the day before Ash Wednesday, a time when households had a feast to consume all of the remaining meat, dairy and poultry products in the home before the fast began. The practice spread to countries throughout Christendom.  In some countries, the pre-Lent feast (or festival) is now called “Carnival” and actually extends over a number of days and in some places, weeks. Louisiana is the only state in the US where Mardi Gras is a legal holiday. New Orleans, in particular, is noted for its Mardi Gras parades and wild street parties. However, the longest running Mardi Gras observance in the US is celebrated in Mobile, Alabama.

Mardi Gras traces its roots back thousands of years to pagan celebrations of spring and fertility, including the wild Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Lupercalia.

“Shrove Tuesday” is the term some Christians use to refer to what others call Fat Tuesday. The word “Shrove ,” derives from an Old English word that refers to the sacrament of penance and absolution. In earlier times many Christians went to confession as a way of preparing for Lent.

Oh, and the pancakes. Many churches (especially Episcopal) have pancake suppers on the evening before Ash Wednesday. Why? Because traditionally pancakes (and the sausage or bacon served with them) offered families an easy way of using up many of the foods that they would soon be giving up for Lent: eggs, milk, butter, sugar, and meat.

For more information about Mardi Gras visit”

http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/mardi-gras